Transformer Tap Calculator
Determine optimal tap position for voltage regulation.
Voltage Regulation Formula
VR% = %Z × (R×cosθ + X×sinθ) × Load%/100
Where R and X are per-unit resistance and reactance components of impedance.
Transformer Tap Changer Types
De-Energized Tap Changer (DETC)
- Adjusted only when transformer is off
- Typically +/- 5% in 2.5% steps
- 4-5 positions common
- Lower cost, simpler design
- Used for seasonal adjustments
On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC)
- Changes taps while energized
- Typically +/- 10% range
- 17-33 positions common
- Automatic voltage regulation
- Higher cost, requires maintenance